Polymerization of maleic acid and itaconic acid studied by. Recent developments in maleic acid synthesis from bio. Castor oil, also known as ricinus oil, is a triglyceride of fatty acids which occurs in the seed of the castor plant, ricinus communis india, brazil. A combination of these processes should be important. Request pdf aqueous polymerization of maleic acid and crosslinking of cotton cellulose by poly maleic acid crosslinking agents are applied to cotton in the textile industry to produce. Endfunctional styrene maleic anhydride copolymers via. The free radical polymerization of maleic anhydride. In this research, we studied the polymerization of maleic acid ma to form oligomeric poly maleic acid pma in an aqueous solution. Styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, a thermoplastic resin produced by the copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride.
Polymaleic anhydride having a weight average molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography of between 450 and 800 and a polydispersivity of between 1. Insitu polymerization of maleic acid and itaconic acid. Heuts, laboratory of polymer chemistry, eindhoven university of technology, p. Improving application performance of in situ polymerization and crosslinking system of maleic acid itaconic acid for cotton fabric. Maleic anhydride copolymers miscellaneous hydrophilic. These polymers were characterized as a new rigid polymer. A new and promising tool in membrane research is the detergentfree solubilization of membrane proteins by styrene maleic acid copolymers smas. Since it biodegrades in sewage treatment plants and hydrolyzes, its likely that it will degrade in soil.
It is based on the most recent publications on the topic, which are discussed in details with respect to the observed catalytic performances. It is used to make artificial resins and antihistamines, and to preserve fats and oils. Polymerization catalysts may be incorporated in my resinous materials, the organic peroxides being particularly suitable for this purpose. Lab 6 the mechanism of the isomerization of maleic acid. Production of nanoparticles of methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate copolymers by microemulsion polymerization in the presence of maleic acid terminated polyn. Polymerization of maleic acid and itaconic acid studied by ftraman spectroscopy article in journal of applied polymer science 811.
Characterizing the structure of styrenemaleic acid. Amjad school of arts and sciences, walsh university, n. Maleic acid and its anhydride are prepared industrially by the catalytic oxidation of benzene. Contact of maleic anhydride with water results in the undesired formation of maleic acid. Maleic acid based copolymers as silica scale control agents for aqueous systems z. Free radical copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride. These amphipathic molecules are able to solubilize lipid bilayers in the form of nanodiscs that are bounded by the polymer. The polymerization of citraconic acid ca was also performed in the same manner. Usa home product directory materials science polymer science polymers hydrophilic polymers miscellaneous hydrophilic polymers maleic anhydride copolymers materials science home materials science products. Department of textiles, merchandising and interiors, the university of georgia, athens, georgia 30602. Polymerization reactivities of the monomers and some properties of the resulting polymers are described and discussed. Styrene maleic acid sma sma copolymer is formed from polymerization of a mixture of styrene and maleic anhydride in various ratios 3. Identification maleic acid is a colorless crystalline sugar or sandlike material with a faint acid odor.
Instead of synthesizing polystyrene, you will prepare a copolymer, an addition polymer which contains two different monomer units that are present in either a random or alternating arrangement, using styrene and maleic anhydride. The synthesis of ssmi was achieved by reacting the maleic anhydride moieties in the backbone of the ssma copolymer with n 1,n 1 dimethylpropane1,3diamine. This method provides access to a range of new unsaturated polyesters. Similar results were obtained, though the polymerization of ca was slower as compared with that of ma. Franich, d anja winkler, e beate buchelt, b alexander pfriem a. Polyethylene alt maleic anhydride david ward johnson.
The homopolymerization of liquid maleic anhydride at 74. Sma, 2000, 3000 and 4000 are copolymers with a styrene maleic anhydride ratio equal to 11, 21, 31 and 41 respectively. Maleic acidbased copolymers as silica scale control. Maleic acid, also called cisbutenedioic acid ho 2 cchchco 2 h, unsaturated organic dibasic acid, used in making polyesters for fibrereinforced laminated moldings and paint vehicles, and in the manufacture of fumaric acid and many other chemical products. Abstract the industrial wastes of heavy metals constitute a major problem for the environment which is inparticular dependent, with the toxicity of certain chemical elements. Polymerization of maleic acidlinseed oil fatty acids. In part i it was shown that the preliminary stages in the drying of a monolayer of the maleic anhydride compound of. Reactions in monolayers of drying oils iipolymerization. Generally, the monomer mixture contains from about 5095 parts of acrylic acid and from 550 parts of maleic acid. Application to lead extraction omar kaddour, naima guettaf, nadjia khettab, abdallah gherbi. Styrene maleic acid lipid particles smalp technology. A method of polymerizing maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate in a solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene and benzene comprising carrying the polymerization out in the presence of a stabilizing agent comprising a copolymer of maleic anhydride and an alphaolefin containing from four to 18 carbon atoms, the amount of stabilizing agent being from 0.
Polymerization of maleic acid and itaconic acid studied by ft. Maleic monomers maleic functional compounds have wide ranging applications as additives to promote adhesion and compatibility, and as retarders for vulcanization. In this study, we used smalps synthesized from commercial styrene maleic acid stma units. Evaluation of maleic acid based polymers as scale inhibitors and dispersants for industrial water applications. A rigid, heatresistant, and chemicalresistant plastic, it is used in automobile parts, small appliances, and foodservice trays. Aqueous polymerization of maleic acid and crosslinking of. In some cases the polymer contains cyclopentanone groups, resulting from decarboxylation. Water scrubbing and subsequent dehydration of the maleic acid stream are required to purify and reform the remaining maleic anhydride. The polymerization was started upon the addition of 0. The synthesis of an ester based on maleic anhydride. Raft polymerization is synthetically simple and provides flexibility to vary the structure of the polymer and influence the size of smalps 15,30. Reason for citation maleic acid is on the hazardous substance list because it is cited by dot and epa. Pdf evaluation of maleic acid based polymers as scale. We report the ringopening copolymerization of maleic anhydride with a variety of epoxides catalyzed by a chromiumiii salen complex.
Quantitative isomerization of the cismaleate form of all polymers affords the transfumarate analogues. The recent developments and the technical drawbacks in the gas and the liquid phases. Polyaspartic acid can also be synthesized by polymerization of maleic anhydride in presence of ammonium hydroxide. Both the fourier transform ft raman spectroscopy and the ph titration data of the ma polymerization products. Chemical coupling agent for glass fibre, cellulose fibre and mineral filler reinforced pp which provides enhanced physical and thermal properties. Maleic acid or cisbutenedioic acid is an organic compound that is a dicarboxylic acid, a molecule with two carboxyl groups. Liz lawton 072008 chem 222000 section 1 lab 6 the mechanism of the isomerization of maleic acid purpose the purpose of this experiment is to attempt to form fumaric acid under a number of reaction conditions and to investigate which mechanisms allow to for the isomerization of maleic acid fumaric acid and why these specific conditions allow for such reactions. Unsaturated polyester resin for specialty applications. Maleic anhydride copolymers via catalytic chain transfer polymerization gemma c. The majority of these copolymers are based on maleic anhydride and the polymerization is carried out in organic solvent systems and in few times in aqueous media. Us3635915a copolymers of maleic acid and acrylic acid. Maleic acid is the cisisomer of butenedioic acid, whereas fumaric acid is the transisomer. Polycarboxylic acids have been used as crosslinking agents for cellulosic materials to replace traditional formaldehydebased reagents. Effect of maleic anhydride content and ethanol dilution on.
However, in recent years it has been demonstrated that maleic anhydride readily undergoes polymerization under gamma and uv radiation as well as in the presence of free radical catalysts and various organic bases. Radical polymerization of maleic acid by potassium. The literature reports that maleic acid ma and itaconic acid ita can copolymerize on cotton fabric in the presence of potassium persulfate, and esterification of cotton by the copolymer imparts wrinkle resistance to the treated cotton fabric. Castor oil and its chemistry university of wisconsin. Styrenemaleic anhydride copolymer chemical compound. Substituted maleimides underwent homopolymerization to give high molecular weight polymers, which have high thermal stability. Unseparated part of polyma seems to be grafted onto pvp. Free radical copolymerization of styrene and maleic. Polymerization of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate. Pdf production of nanoparticles of methyl methacrylate.
Maleic anhydride released into water will hydrolyze rapidly halflife 0. The rate of polymerization of acrylonitrile by ascorbic acid peroxidisulfate redox system was shown to be dependent on the square of the monomer concentration and a half order dependent on peroxidisulfate concentration. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. The polymerization of this monomer mixture is eflected by introducing a polymerization catalyst and heating at a temperature and for a period of time sufiicient to effect the polymerization. Radical polymerization of maleic acid by potassium persulfate in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water. High control over repeating unit isomers can be achieved by polymerization of ncarboxyanhydride nca derivatives, by polymerization of aspartic acid esters or by application of enzyme catalyzed reaction. Ringopening copolymerization of maleic anhydride with. Living radical copolymerization of styrenemaleic anhydride. Durham etheses new applications for polyethylenealt. Polymerization of maleic acid linseed oil fatty acidsethylene glycolallyl alcohol resin. Addition of chain transfer reagents yields low mn, narrow pdi polymer samples. Radical high polymerization of fumaric and maleic acid.
The maleic anhydride that cannot be recovered is eventually washed out with water as maleic acid. The anhydride moieties can subsequently be hydrolyzed to maleic acid figure \\pageindex2\. Living radical copolymerization of styrene maleic anhydride eunsoo park,1 malnam kim,3 ikmo lee,2 han sup lee,1 jinsan yoon1 1 department of applied chemistry, inha university, 402751 inchon, korea 2 department of chemistry, inha university, 402751 inchon, korea 3 department of biology, sangmyung university, 110743 seoul, korea received 1 january 2000. Effect of maleic anhydride content and ethanol dilution on the polymerization of furfuryl alcohol in wood veneer studied by differential scanning calorimetry.
In the present work new conductive nanostructures based on poly acrylamideco maleic acid paama and polyaniline were prepared. Fumaric acid derivatives, dialkyl fumarates, alkyl n,n. The template polymerization of aniline was conducted in the aqueous solution of paama with different ratios ww% of aniline to polyacid. The mixture is cooled as rapidly as possible and stored below the details about the variations m molar ratio of acidsanhydrides to glycols and reaction temp. Box 5, 5600 mb eindhoven, the netherlands dutch polymer institute dpi, john f. Smalps show compelling evidence that they are suitable for membrane protein incorporation 15.
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